Varicose veins of all known types of vascular pathology are most common.Pay attention to the heading of the article: The most common material is taken into account in this material.However, other options occur relatively less often, but they are constantly falling in the visual area of specialized and related specialists.These are, for example, the expansion of the veins of the esophagus, the seed, the small pelvis, etc. In other words, the term "varicose expansion" only and exclusively linked to the lower limbs that are practiced in the everyday speech would be wrong.In the professional environment, however, a certain terminological diversity is still observed: In some sources, the "varicose veins" are used in some sources, in others the "varicose expansion" is separated from the "disease disease", etc.
Varicose veins of the lower extremities are a very unpleasant polysmpomatic disease, accompanied by noticeable external manifestations.The cosmetic defect on the legs usually runs over the years, and many patients (mainly female) are much more concerned than hemodynamic disorders and organic changes in the venous walls.Such patients or more patients tend to attribute methods and methods for "elimination of varicose veins" to a variety of intramists, at best harmless, and sometimes significantly tighten the situation.In the meantime, the untreated, neglected forms of venous pathology are affected with the most serious consequences, and with the first symptoms (see below), a doctor should be consulted if possible.
When returning the question of prevalence, a wide range of published epidemiological reviews should be found.This is partly due to regional differences and age -related trends (the older the examination, the more the proportion of clinically significant cases in IT), partly the difference in the diagnostic approaches, but the main reason for statistical ambiguity is that the design of the studies carried out is apparently analyzed.In other cases, certain categories of the population are specifically examined in this disease, in which characteristic symptoms are recorded and then the actual frequency of their occurrence in the general population is evaluated.Even if you discard extreme ratings, the situation with the varicose veins of the lower extremities is very depressing: in one or one or the other degree, at least 55-65% of women and 15-25% of men suffer from tire age.Such a deep imbalance between the floors is due to anatomical and hormonal differences as well as the reproductive function of a woman (pregnancy, birth), which in many cases becomes a direct prerequisite for the development of venous diseases.
The tendency to "rejuvenate" such pathologies can only be disturbed by the average age of the occurrence of the disease.
Reasons
First of all, it should be noted that the cramping extension is not diagnosed with arteries: this "curse" is in the veins.The arteries are of course also susceptible and predisposed for various pathological changes, but in this case aneurysms (local sculshines), atherosclerosis, different types of obstruction (narrowing of the lumen), thromboembolism (blockades) etc. are often observed.Compared to arterial, the venous walls are less durable and elastic, less resistant to expansion formations under load or internal pressure.They are easier to become too thinner and partially permeable, which means that the sealing of blood or its individual factions can begin through the venous wall.The fact that varicose veins in the lower extremities are most frequently observed for the release of hands is the pathology of the spine).The entire body weight is based on the legs, which creates an unusually high load on the joints and the circulatory system.It is reliably known that people suffered from varicose veins in antiquity;Then the dominant cause was apparently the constant wearing of weights.This factor is relevant today (some types of sports and work), since civilization has developed, especially in the past hundred or two years.Direct risk factors include obesity, lack of plants in nutrition, injuries (including surgical, e.g. thrombosis of deep veins and simultaneous inflammation (thrombophlebitis) lead to severe changes in the venous system of the legs; as a separate form of varicose vegetable expansion in the western literature, post -trombic syndromPulled.
Regardless of this, one should be said about the tobacco course, which is rightly referred to as the "murderer of the veins".The connection is so obvious and cramped that many experts strongly determine the condition for a complete rejection of smoking before the treatment has started.The ethical aspects of such a medical position can be argued (recently the demagogical term "chauvinism of non -smoking" has even appeared), but if this disease is not observed, the treatment becomes automatically meaningless and useless, there is no doubt.An enthusiastic smoker, who in this case requires the exercise of the right to medical aid, resembles a drug addict who expected to eliminate addiction and withdrawal syndrome but will continue to take drugs.
On organic, anatomical level, the main cause of varicose veins is the failure of the venous valves that should exclude the return flow (blood flow in a direction compared to the normal, which generates excessive pressure in the veins).With the examination of the causes and mechanisms of developing a Valve malve dysfunction with the development of the first methods of its surgical correction at the end of the 19th century, modern phlebology began as a medical science of diseases of veins, methods of their treatment and prevention.
In general, it is necessary to admit that the abundance of the reasons described above - the meaning of each of each of each studies is repeated and reliably confirmed by large studies - is still not a single system.Under almost the same conditions under the same, apparently apparently combinations of risk factors, the varicose veins of the lower extremities and progress and progress develop in one person and in the other vein they remain intact for decades.This indicates that the Etiopathogenesis has not been clarified until the end and that even the most effective modern therapeutic strategies, actually remains palliative.However, Phlebology develops extremely dynamically today, and the "missing links" in our knowledge of varicose veins are most likely identified and examined in the foreseeable future.
Symptoms
Often the harbing or the first symptoms of venous blood circulation diseases are subcutaneous stars or a network of the small blood vessels of the extensive and visible and visible.Then swell nodes that are wrapping or in clusters are on the calves.The legs with varicose veins swell and tired, many patients complain about frequent painful cramps in the legs (including at night), the feeling of itching, heat, crawling "goosebumps" etc. In the absence of treatment, the veins of treatment can become complicated.Bleeding in this case can be very strong and lead to massive blood loss.
Diagnosis
An experienced phlebologist recognizes varicose veins from the first fleeting look.However, an additional exam is of course necessary as a detailed story and complaints.There are a number of special functional samples, and from the instrumental methods is the best-responsible angiography of the X-ray application and the ultrasound in the mode of the Duplex Doppler scan.
Treatment
In recent decades, the specialty "Phlebology" has usually been interpreted as synonymous for vascular surgery.Therefore, it was implicitly implicitly implicitly implied that there can be no non -surgical treatment of venous pathology.So far, however, the situation has changed dramatically, and the main shifts relate to the last 15 to 20 years.The course for use - wherever possible and shown - are only a few high -tech methods and micro -vasive methods in all surgical specializations, and the treatment of varicose veins on the legs do not necessarily implies a "large" operation.As a rule, the therapy is comprehensive and, according to conservative measures, begins to indications, medicinal products, anticoagulants and anti -agents and anti -inflammatory medication are prescribed.You can only use an elastic association or compression knitting underwear after consulting a doctor (in particular the bandaging technique should be explained in detail - from the fingers, with the mandatory recording of the heel and the gradual weakening of the compression closer to the knee).Therapeutic sporting lessons, water methods, nutrition (it is also necessary to normalize body weight) and hirudotherapy are effective.
However, varicose veins remain a surgical disease, i.e.H. The radical effect can only be achieved by surgery.There are many specific phlebectomy techniques - vein removal that does not reach the remaining functionality of the norm.At the same time, minimally invasive methods that have been mentioned above are further spread that have several advantages (less traumatic, the possibility of outpatient treatment "one day", the lack of crooked cosmetic defects, etc.).The most promising and effective of these methods include sclerotherapy (artificial sprinkling, "gluing" therapy (including intravenous), radio frequency dilation (a thin probe is introduced into the Vein because the walls are "sealed".
It should be understood that the effectiveness of treatment in this case depends directly on the stage in which the patient goes for help.It is not necessary to bring the matter into the "great" operation: the varicose veins of the lower extremities are completely healed today, but this disease itself has not been done.